Hornbill and Sunbird - Android Surveillanceware/RAT

Key Findings

• These malware tools have advanced surveillanceware and data exfiltration capabilities.

• Social engineering is likely the key distribution channel to targeted individuals.

• Over 18GB of exfiltrated data from at least six C2 servers was discovered and analyzed.

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Background and Discovery Timeline

The Lookout Threat Intelligence team has discovered new Android surveillanceware with sophisticated capabilities. SunBird features remote access trojan (RAT) capabilities that can execute commands on an infected device directly from the attacker while Hornbill operates as a discreet surveillanceware tool that extracts particular data of interest to the attacker.

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Capabilities and Affected Parties

Each of these tools has been used to target personnel linked to Pakistan’s military, nuclear authorities, and Indian election officials in Kashmir. Both Hornbill and Sunbird

appear to be evolved versions of pre-existing commercial surveillanceware. There is also evidence of them being present across Europe, Southeast Asia, Russia, and the United States.

Considering that apps infected with these two pieces of malware are distributed via third party app stores, social engineering is likely the most effective way that they’re distributed. Both pieces of malware have extensive surveillance and data exfiltration capabilities including access to:

-Call logs -Geolocation - Contacts - SMS Messages  - Photos  -Installed apps  -Browser history  -WhatsApp messages  -Calendar

-Requesting Admin Privileges -Taking screenshots & photos - Recording audio & calls  - Scraping WhatsApp messages and contacts